If your water pump is running but not moving water, it likely needs to be primed. Priming a pump means filling it with water so it can create the suction needed to draw water from a well or other source. This guide walks you through the process step by step.
What Does "Priming a Pump" Mean?
Most surface pumps — including shallow well jet pumps and garden pumps — are not self-priming. They rely on water already being present in the pump casing and suction line to generate pressure. If air gets into the system (after installation, a dry run, or a power outage), the pump loses its prime and stops moving water.
Tools & Materials You'll Need
- A bucket of clean water
- A flathead screwdriver or wrench
- Teflon tape (for resealing)
- Garden hose (optional)
Step-by-Step: How to Prime a Shallow Well Jet Pump
Step 1: Turn Off the Pump
Always disconnect power before working on your pump. Switch off the circuit breaker or unplug the unit to avoid electric shock.
Step 2: Locate the Priming Plug
Find the priming plug on top of the pump casing — it's usually a large bolt or cap. Use a wrench or screwdriver to remove it.
Step 3: Fill the Pump Casing with Water
Slowly pour clean water into the priming hole until it's completely full and water starts to overflow. This ensures there's no air pocket left inside the casing.
Step 4: Replace the Priming Plug
Screw the priming plug back in firmly. Wrap the threads with Teflon tape first to prevent leaks.
Step 5: Turn the Pump Back On
Restore power and turn the pump on. Within 1–2 minutes, water should begin flowing through the outlet. If it doesn't, repeat the priming process — there may still be air in the suction line.
Step 6: Check for Leaks
Once water is flowing, inspect all connections and fittings for leaks. Tighten any loose joints as needed.
Why Does a Pump Lose Its Prime?
- Air leaks in the suction line or fittings
- Low water level in the well or source
- Dry run — pump ran without water
- Long suction line that drains back when the pump is off
- Foot valve failure — the check valve at the bottom of the suction pipe isn't holding water
Tips to Prevent Losing Prime
- Install a foot valve at the bottom of the suction pipe to prevent backflow
- Check all pipe connections regularly for air leaks
- Never run the pump dry — always ensure water is available before starting
- Use a pressure tank to reduce pump cycling and maintain consistent pressure
Recommended FOTING Shallow Well Jet Pumps
If you're looking for a reliable shallow well jet pump that's easy to prime and built to last, FOTING offers a range of stainless steel models suited for home, garden, and agricultural use:
- FOTING 1HP Shallow Well Jet Pump 865GPH — ideal for standard household wells up to 25 ft depth
- FOTING 1.5HP Shallow Well Jet Pump 1340GPH — higher flow rate for larger properties
- FOTING 1.6HP Shallow Well Jet Pump 1600GPH — maximum output for demanding applications
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take to prime a pump?
Typically 1–3 minutes. If the pump runs for more than 5 minutes without producing water, turn it off and repeat the priming process.
Can I use any water to prime the pump?
Yes — clean tap water works fine. Avoid using dirty or debris-filled water as it can damage the impeller.
What if the pump keeps losing prime?
This usually indicates an air leak in the suction line or a failed foot valve. Inspect all fittings and replace the foot valve if necessary.
Final Thoughts
Priming a water pump is a simple maintenance task that every pump owner should know. With the right technique and a few minutes of effort, you can restore full water flow and keep your system running efficiently. For best results, pair your pump with a quality foot valve and pressure tank — and always choose a pump built for durability, like the FOTING shallow well jet pump series.